本文介绍Ubuntu 22.04手动搭建LNMP环境并做基础配置。nginx和php使用Ondřej Surý的ppa源进行安装和升级，mysql使用Ubuntu自带的软件源进行安装。本文操作在root账户下进行，非root用户需要使用sudo提升执行权限。
安装NGINX
添加nginx软件源
稳定版本
apt install software-properties-common -y && add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/nginx -y主线版本
apt install software-properties-common -y && add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/nginx-mainline -y安装nginx
apt install nginx-extras -y查看nginx版本号
nginx -v查看服务运行状态
systemctl status nginx设置nginx服务开机自启动
systemctl enable nginx设置nginx日志格式
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/main-log-format.conf复制以下内容到 main-log-format.conf ，保存
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_addr - [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $upstream_response_time $request_time "$http_referer"' '"$http_user_agent" $body_bytes_sent ';启用ip黑名单
cat >> /etc/nginx/blocklist.conf << EOF
#deny 1.1.1.1;
EOF重启nginx服务
systemctl restart nginx安装PHP
添加php软件源
apt install software-properties-common -y && add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y安装php8.1及常用扩展
apt install php8.1 php8.1-fpm php8.1-curl php8.1-mbstring php8.1-ldap php8.1-tidy php8.1-xml php8.1-zip php8.1-gd php8.1-mysql -y配置php
cat > /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/config_php.ini << EOF
expose_php = Off
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
display_errors = Off
display_startup_errors = Off
log_errors = On
error_log = /var/log/php_errors.log
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
variables_order = "GPCS"
allow_webdav_methods = On
memory_limit = 128M
max_execution_time = 300
output_buffering = On
output_handler = ""
zlib.output_compression = Off
zlib.output_handler = ""
safe_mode = Off
register_globals = Off
magic_quotes_gpc = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 50M
post_max_size = 50M
enable_dl = Off
disable_functions = ""
disable_classes = ""
session.save_handler = files
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_httponly = 1
session.save_path = "/var/lib/php/sessions"
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.save_comments=1
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
date.timezone = "PRC"
EOF重启php服务
systemctl restart php8.1-fpm.service安装ionCube Loader模块（可选）
下载ionCube Loader扩展
wget https://downloads.ioncube.com/loader_downloads/ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.zip && unzip ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.zipioncube_loader需与php版本相对应，这里选择php8.1版本的ioncube_loader。将ioncube_loader_lin_8.1.so复制到php8.1的扩展目录/usr/lib/php/20210902
cp ioncube/ioncube_loader_lin_8.1.so /usr/lib/php/20210902添加ioncube_loader模块配置文件
cat >> /etc/php/8.1/mods-available/ioncube.ini << EOF
zend_extension = ioncube_loader_lin_8.1.so
EOF将ioncube_loader模块接入php-fpm和php-cli并重启php8.1-fpm
ln -s /etc/php/8.1/mods-available/ioncube.ini /etc/php/8.1/fpm/conf.d/01-ioncube.ini && \
ln -s /etc/php/8.1/mods-available/ioncube.ini /etc/php/8.1/cli/conf.d/01-ioncube.ini && \
systemctl restart php8.1-fpm.service检查ioncube_loader模块是否生效
php -v终端输出信息中包含with the ionCube PHP Loader v12.0.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, by ionCube Ltd.说明ionCube模块安装成功
PHP 8.1.12 (cli) (built: Oct 28 2022 17:39:57) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.1.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
with the ionCube PHP Loader v12.0.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2022, by ionCube Ltd.
with Zend OPcache v8.1.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies删除临时文件
rm -rf ioncube ioncube_loaders_lin_x86-64.zip安装MySQL
使用Ubuntu自带的软件源进行安装，本例安装mysql8.0
apt install -y mysql-server-8.0 -y登录mysql控制台，密码默认为空
mysql -uroot -p设置root用户密码，本文以设置root用户密码www.ygtq.cc为例
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'www.ygtq.cc';使用quit或exit命令退出控制台，初始化数据库
mysql_secure_installation按终端提示进行设置，期间可以再次修改root密码
